Paul Tibbets, phi công thả trái bom nguyên tử đầu tiên ở Hiroshima đă từ trần

 

Paul Tibbets, người lái chiếc oanh tạc cơ B-29 Enola Gay thả trái bom nguyên tử ở Hiroshima, đă từ trần hôm Thứ Năm tại nhà riêng ở Columbus, tiểu bang Ohio, sau cơn bệnh kéo dài hai tháng, hưởng thọ 92 tuổi.

     Sáu thập niên đă qua sau thế chiến thứ hai, ông vẫn khẳng định rằng ông không ân hận về phi vụ thả bom ấy và  hàng đêm ông vẫn có những giấc ngủ b́nh an, thanh thản.

     Theo lời một người bạn thân, ông không muốn được làm đám táng trọng thể và dựng bia trên mộ phần v́ ngại rằng sẽ thành nơi để tụ tập biểu t́nh .

 

Phi vụ lịch sử của ông Tibbets trên chiếc máy bay được mang tên mẹ ông Enola Gay là lần đầu tiên sử dụng vũ khí nguyên tử trong chiến tranh đưa tới việc kết thúc Thế Chiến II, tránh phải thi hành một kế hoạch đổ bộ mà các nhà hoạch định sợ là sẽ cực kỳ đẫm máu trên nước Nhật.

     Máy bay và phi hành đoàn 14 người đă thả trái bom “Little Boy” nặng năm tấn vào sáng ngày 6 Tháng Tám năm 1945. Vụ nổ đă sát hại từ 70,000 đến 100,000 người và làm bị thương vô số người khác.

     Ba ngày sau, Hoa Kỳ thả trái bom nguyên tử thứ hai ở Nagasaki, sát hại ước chừng 40,000 người. Vài ngày sau, Nhật đă đầu hàng và cuộc chiến chấm dứt.

 

Trong buổi lễ tưởng niệm 60 năm ngày thả trái bom nguyên tử đầu tiên, ông phát biểu: “ Khi được chỉ định phi vụ thả bom, tôi biết sẽ là một việc kinh hoàng, chúng tôi cảm nhận được, chúng tôi sắp gây ra một cuộc thảm sát, nhưng chúng tôi phải bỏ lại cảm xúc phía sau, hăng hái thi hành công tác tốt đẹp v́ nghĩ rằng phải chấm dứt cảnh chém giết của chiên tranh càng nhanh càng tốt.

Ông Tibbets, ngày đó 30 tuổi, là trung tá, ông đă không hề bày tỏ hối hận về phi vụ. Ông nói, đó là nhiệm vụ ái quốc phải tuân hành và là điều chính đáng phải làm.

Năm 1966, ông về hưu với cấp bực chuẩn tướng không quân.

 

(Mời quư vị đọc nguyên tác bằng anh ngữ)

 

 

 

Pilot of plane that dropped A-bomb dies

By JULIE CARR SMYTH

 

Paul Tibbets, who piloted the B-29 bomber Enola Gay that dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, died Thursday. He was 92 and insisted for six decades after the war that he had no regrets about the mission and slept just fine at night.

Tibbets died at his Columbus home. He suffered from a variety of health problems and had been in decline for two months.

Tibbets had requested no funeral and no headstone, fearing it would provide his detractors with a place to protest, said Gerry Newhouse, a longtime friend.

Tibbets' historic mission in the plane named for his mother marked the beginning of the end of World War II and eliminated the need for what military planners feared would have been an extraordinarily bloody invasion of Japan. It was the first use of a nuclear weapon in wartime.

The plane and its crew of 14 dropped the five-ton "Little Boy" bomb on the morning of Aug. 6, 1945. The blast killed 70,000 to 100,000 people and injured countless others.

Three days later, the United States dropped a second nuclear bomb on Nagasaki, Japan, killing an estimated 40,000 people. Tibbets did not fly in that mission. The Japanese surrendered a few days later, ending the war.

"I knew when I got the assignment it was going to be an emotional thing," Tibbets told The Columbus Dispatch for a story published on the 60th anniversary of the bombing. "We had feelings, but we had to put them in the background. We knew it was going to kill people right and left. But my one driving interest was to do the best job I could so that we could end the killing as quickly as possible."

Morris Jeppson, the officer who armed the bomb during the Hiroshima flight, said Tibbets was energetic, well-respected and "hard-nosed."

"Ending the war saved a lot of U.S. armed forces and Japanese civilians and military," Jeppson said. "History has shown there was no need to criticize him."

Tibbets, then a 30-year-old colonel, never expressed regret over his role. He said it was his patriotic duty and the right thing to do.

"I'm not proud that I killed 80,000 people, but I'm proud that I was able to start with nothing, plan it and have it work as perfectly as it did," he said in a 1975 interview.

"You've got to take stock and assess the situation at that time. We were at war. ... You use anything at your disposal."

He added: "I sleep clearly every night."

Tibbets took quiet pride in the job he had done, said journalist Bob Greene, who wrote the Tibbets biography, "Duty: A Father, His Son, and the Man Who Won the War."

"He said, 'What they needed was someone who could do this and not flinch ? and that was me,'" Greene said.

Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr. was born Feb. 23, 1915, in Quincy, Ill., and spent most of his boyhood in Miami.

He was a student at the University of Cincinnati's medical school when he decided to withdraw in 1937 to enlist in the Army Air Corps.

After the war, Tibbets said in 2005, he was dogged by rumors claiming he was in prison or had committed suicide.

"They said I was crazy, said I was a drunkard, in and out of institutions," he said. "At the time, I was running the National Crisis Center at the Pentagon."

Tibbets retired from the Air Force as a brigadier general in 1966. He later moved to Columbus, where he ran an air taxi service until he retired in 1985.

The National Aviation Hall of Fame in Dayton plans a photographic tribute to Tibbets, who was inducted in 1996.

"There are few in the history of mankind that have been called to figuratively carry as much weight on their shoulders as Paul Tibbets," director Ron Kaplan said in a statement. "Even fewer were able to do so with a sense of honor and duty to their countrymen as did Paul."

Tibbets' role in the bombing brought him fame ? and infamy ? throughout his life.

In 1976, he was criticized for re-enacting the bombing during an appearance at a Harlingen, Texas, air show. As he flew a B-29 Superfortress over the show, a bomb set off on the runway below created a mushroom cloud.

He said the display "was not intended to insult anybody," but the Japanese were outraged. The U.S. government later issued a formal apology.

Tibbets again defended the bombing in 1995, when an outcry erupted over a planned 50th anniversary exhibit of the Enola Gay at the Smithsonian Institution.

The museum had planned to mount an exhibit that would have examined the context of the bombing, including the discussion within the Truman administration of whether to use the bomb, the rejection of a demonstration bombing and the selection of the target.

Veterans groups objected, saying the proposed display paid too much attention to Japan's suffering and too little to Japan's brutality during and before World War II, and that it underestimated the number of Americans who would have perished in an invasion.

They said the bombing of Japan was an unmitigated blessing for the United States and the exhibit should say so.

Tibbets denounced it as "a damn big insult."

The museum changed its plan and agreed to display the fuselage of the Enola Gay without commentary, context or analysis.

He told the Dispatch in 2005 that he wanted his ashes scattered over the English Channel, where he loved to fly during the war.

Newhouse confirmed that Tibbets wanted to be cremated, but he said relatives had not yet determined how he would be laid to rest.

Tibbets is survived by his wife, Andrea, and three sons ? Paul, Gene and James ? as well as a number of grandchildren and great-grandchildren . A grandson named after Tibbets followed his grandfather into the military as a B-2 bomber pilot currently stationed in Belgium.